Maria Luisa Park
The American Exhibition in Seville, he bequeathed to posterity a series of changes in body shape urban city with the opening of new avenues, the construction of beautiful buildings and urban expansion towards the south.
Within this legacy that we enjoy today, as a key piece stands out in itself, the whole landscaped gardens and pavilions called Parque de María Luisa, which over the years has given the city the character of the city and it reflected his romantic spirit, producing a symbiosis such that said Maria Luisa Park Sevilla is to say, as well as identify this city, the Giralda, the Torre del Oro, the Cathedral and the Barrio de Santa Cruz.
image corner of the Parque de María Luisa in the 20's.
because reality is an architectural essence in the urban aspect that added to a load lyric articulate it as a work of art. And it is to walk through the park, its broad avenues shaded by its tall trees, trails and byways enter and stand next to fresh sources of listening to the song birds, are the architectural essence of it.
And all this could be a reality thanks to that from the outset, the Executive Committee with a clear vision of pooling preparations for the exhibition with the urban reforms of Seville, elected in 1910 the land around the park (Mariana Huerta , Naranjal and Delicias) to the location of the halls, leaving it as a place of public entertainment of the visit. The main idea was the use of the area between the Prado de San Sebastian and the Short of Tablada, which together with the gardens built by the Wizard of Sevilla D. José Manuel de Arjona in 1830, called by the people, Delicias de Arjona, named after its creator and now known as Jardines de Las Delicias, the Parque, as required green area at the site.
Maria Luisa Park, was a gift that Ms. Serene Highness Infanta of Spain Dona Maria Luisa Fernanda de Borbón y Borbón, Duchess of Montpensier, made the city of Seville on May 23, 1893, on behalf of gardens of the Palacio de San Telmo of their property for public use and bring to his honor the name of "Parque de Maria Luisa" and which include a wide landscaped area between the Paseo de Maria Luisa and the limits of the Garden of Mariana. Such a romantic gardens were created by Lecolant, gardener of the Duke of Montpensier, on the grounds of the old Convent of San Diego and "La Isabela". In 1910 it had to be deplorable state due to neglect and abandonment of the Municipal Corporation, a fact repeatedly denounced by local media, a situation that should give you an even more romantic to the site.
In his Report to the Committee on 12 November 1910, listed the multiple deficiencies in the city, among them were the aforementioned state of disrepair of the park, asking the findings call for a contest of national and foreign gardener for reform.
In January 1911, the Committee refers to Jean Claude Nicolas Forestier (1861-1930), renowned figure, formed in the Forestry School in Nancy, curator of parks and promenades in Paris since 1887, creator of a beautiful rose garden in the Bagatelle Park in the city of the Seine and knowledgeable about the experiences of the Paris Exhibition of 1899 and 1900.
From Seville is sent to Paris, an expositional floor plan, that will serve as basis for the preparation of a draft, in which he details the areas of performance, respecting the existing trees as possible.
This bill comes to Seville on April 1, 1911. The Committee accepts, charging a larger project in two phases, one of the landscaped areas identified in the draft where no other buildings and appreciate the rest of the Park and the Garden of Mariana where he would join the general scheme of compound Exposure.
Draft JCN Forestier.
In order to finalize details of the project, Forestier moved to Seville, making contact with these land on 1 September 1911. Visited the city, the Park and some ceramic factories, which attracted him as a decorative resource. Forestier's presence in the city attracts journalists, getting an interview is published in "The Liberal" on 2 September, leaving it clear that your project usher in the concepts of Spain and Andalusia had, ie brightness and joy of this earth, the composition of a whole to meet a great variety within a strong privacy and weather conditions. It also reveals his sources of inspiration that are the sources of the Venerable, the Alhambra, the Retiro in Madrid, the Alcazar Seville, Granada Generalife and some old houses in Seville and Granada. In October 1911, concludes the construction of the project, delivering the same to the Committee in November, the action was contemplated on a surface of 135,829 m2, with an initial budget of 250,000 pts, of immediately revealed the inadequacy of the same, so after several increases, the Executive Committee approved at the end of that year a budget amounting to 500,000 pts, significant amount for the time, but decent for a project that was not just a garden, but a work of art.
From 1911 until April 18, 1914-date of its opening- works are developed, some doubted and were suspicious that a Frenchman was in charge of reform, is more discrepancies arose between Forestier and Aníbal González-responsible architecture of the Exhibition, but the Committee was able to give them each in their respective areas. At the end of reforms all comments were of joy for the test results and this is the wonderful site that we enjoy today.
Park designed by Forestier, is organized around a perimeter of a hexagonal shape, with an interior path orthogonal completed inside the paths that run between leafy trees, causing sensations suggestive of nostalgia and melancholy, outfielder inherited Montpensier, quite like the character in Seville. A central focus mode provides the existing "duck pond" with its central island where is located the Hall of Alfonso XII, Islamic type, possessing all the characteristics of the revival of historicism, used as decorative appeal the pebbles at the edges of the pond.
Duck Pond and Pavilion of Alfonso XII, postal time. This center
pressure, creates a longitudinal axis, North-South, leading decorative value, placing the same and equidistant positions, two sets powered by the existing water intakes, with the intention of highlighting this precious and essential element in dry countries, which accompanies us throughout the journey with their noise and cool murmureante our stay with fine and stylish pumps
Pavilion Alfonso XII, current. North
"The lotus pond" and south "La Fuente de los Leones", a replica of its namesake in the Alhambra, topping both sets, the first with a pergola shaped building, and the second with "El Monte Gurugu "existing mannerist character note transplanted to romanticism and which owes its name to the list of Sevilla in the African war, set in part in the Moroccan mountain of the same name. 
this longitudinal axis transverse to trace other two streets are parallel to each other oriented toward the possible opening on the Prado de San Sebastian, which did not occur with the construction of the Plaza of Spain, linked to these avenues are attached a series of somewhat more intricate paths without breaking existing intimate face certain corners.
the Lotus Pond, photo time.
The study of this project is most striking is the primacy of the longitudinal axis, which we describe below
Starting from the North position and heading south, we first find the aforementioned "Lotus Pond", rectangular, this place recalls the romantic Courtyard of the Sultana Cypress Generalife in Granada, which according to legend was the place where they were and the Knight Abencerraje Soraya. In the center of the pond is an island situated in the center of which stands a marble fountain with high spout, which is located within a smaller pond and accompanied on both sides by two beds with vegetation. Pergolas is outlined with double pillars, square brick, with brick banks also.
current state of the Lotus Pond .
At the southern end of the whole composition a small semicircular roundabout, following a smaller rectangular space, now houses a monument to the Infanta María Luisa, which gives its name to the Park, is the rear and outside intervention Forestier and comment later. Following
our way south, we find a rectangular parterre hedges of arabesques and then a "Elliptical Glorieta", which today is named after the famous singer Juanita Reina, with source supplier of ceramic blue and white star-shaped, if we later, higher than the located above the "Duck Pond."
latter consists in a pond surrounded by stones with an irregular perimeter island in the center, which is accessed by a small bridge. It is the small flag of Alfonso XII in a hexagonal shape with beautiful clear horseshoe arches dye Arabic, supported by columns of white marble. It tells the popular story, which was in this place high romanticism, where they began their courtship King Alfonso XII and Maria de las Mercedes, when all this set was part of the gardens of the Palacio de San Telmo. Both the pond and the temple are described as already existing in the Garden of San Telmo and respected by Forestier in their projects to the Parque de María Luisa. The entire area along with other roundabouts in the park have been recently renovated (2002) giving the central island of another wooden bridge, to make it easier to access and evacuation.
Photography Duck Pond in the 20
Following this, a tank is T-shaped ceramic fountains gushing from the curb with pots and surrounded by hedges of myrtle, but later the "Fountain of the Frogs" circular, brightly colored ceramic executed by Manuel García Montalvan, being replaced by their poor condition, for which there is currently performed by the factory Mensaque and Rodriguez y Cia.
And finally in the far south, another long pool with fountains, a large garden area and surrounded by orange trees gives way to the "Fountain of the Lions or Lions Garden is the largest and most magnificent of all Park sources. High ground, its shape is polygonal is crossed by two perpendicular corridors dividing the source into four ponds or pools. At the junction of the rides very low figure a cup with spout, decorated with ceramic designs, originally made by Ramos Rejano, and now due to Mensaque Rodriguez & Co.
T-shaped pond , 20 '
Duck Pond, Pavilion island and Alfonso XII, current status.
Source star-shaped Elliptical in Glorieta, Glorieta Juanita Reina today.
Lions that give name to this source, and were carved by the sculptor Manuel Delgado Brakembury, which were replaced by the current Juan Abascal in 1956, within a comprehensive plan of reform plan of the park, to be recovered later, after a thorough cleaning process in 1992. This last group is full of beds of roses rely on a set of pergolas squared pillars decorated with blue ceramic diamonds, covered by vines. Gurugú back to the mountain stands a brick lattice bank in the upper back, combining brick and ceramics of various colors the rest, all of which is preserved as the Forestier designed early this century to project the Park María Luisa.
Source Rana, photography of the 20 .
This summarizes the description of the decorative elements built in the park, but we must not forget the element plant whose rotundity, in some plant species planted, make the spring is a real explosion of colors, which together with the perfume of orange blossom of the air intoxicated Park for the enjoyment of those who visit.
Source Rana, current status.
This puts Forestier main thrust in the selection of species, taking into account the climate of this land, shaded with acacias, bananas, palms and sycamores avenues, between the singles shrubs that produce flowers as Jupiter, the oleanders, red-flowered Abutilon also myrtle, myrtle, boxwood and laurel. For the dominion Park choose flowers like lilies, carnations, and geraniums thoughts, reigning over all the roses and water lilies, pond. It is therefore understandable expressions of joy and happiness when the April 18, 1914, coinciding with the first day of the fair opened its doors to the public with this magnificent fragrance and lush picture framed in a single enclosure. 
Details Source of Frogs.
Long Pond above the fountain of the lions, two shots yesterday and today the same place .
Joint Fountain of the Lions and detail of the sculptures .
The same images with ninety years apart . Forestier
creates a park like the Seville, for which a detailed study carried out at all levels, both formal and technical concepts, and acts echoing psychological preferences and Seville Gardens Islamic character of the Alhambra and the Alcazar of Seville had both impressed, carried away by the cool water flowing from the fountains gurgling of small sources at ground level or edge of the canals, for the scent of myrtle and jasmine by the play of colors of the tiles reflected in the ponds. And all this combined with the enforcement of existing elements with a slight touch of influence French and English landscaping use only in some areas with lawns inserted between the trees, leading to a park that not only serves as a framework for expositional enclosure, but thereafter is delivered to the enjoyment of all citizens.
Pergolas around the Fountain of the Lions .
Forestier
The style prints of Maria Luisa Park, which can be classified as eclectic, perhaps in his desire to join the Executive Committee's purpose, this being a compendium of elements from the past together with regional components, with romantic and Islamic almost no presence of the French and British influence, making clear its English-inspired, especially Andalusia, strongly Islamicized, it inherited the gardens Muslims of Granada and Seville, with the use of ponds that are similar to its use as irrigation ditches; sources arising from the floor octagonal or circular forms, and especially the use of water as a mirror which reflects brightly colored ceramics and clumps of myrtle; parterres small polygonal profiles, and brick and tile as a building for banks and pergolas, and olambrilla for paving of the pavement.
This was the first finished work by the Executive Committee which had a recognized success by all, which led to the fame of Seville. Resulting in the Committee entrusted with Forestier in 1915, projects to perfect cohesion between the Park and the rest of the exhibition spaces, specifically in two projects, one on the Garden of Mariana and their union to the park, ie link to Park Plaza of Honor, the future of America Plaza, home to the Hall of Manufactures and Decorative Arts or Mudéjar back to Monte Gurugú and rose, and another space built-in edge of the Meadow Park San Sebastian, from San Telmo to the Garden of Mariana.
First, although a small space, solves it by multiplying the paths and creating an avenue that bisects the area, with these actions disappears primitive hexagonal Park, continuing south, and preserving existing vegetation.
For the second project, designed a wide avenue with a central platform and side roads, occasionally interrupted by open spaces, forming bowers, respecting the existing orange trees and flowering shrubs Interspersing.
lattice Bank gives back to Mount Gurugú
Forestier addition to these actions also took part in a project to put the Plaza de San Fernando in 1911, which was never to execute. And at its meeting on 22 September 1924, accepted the new plan presented by Forestier for the Southern Sector of the Exhibition, and subsequently would be greatly modified by the program requirements to meet the anticipated needs after meetings between Forestier Anibal Gonzalez and members of the Standing Committee.
Independent Forestier interventions in the Parque de María Luisa, also built for perpetual memory of Seville famous people, different roundabouts.
Waterfall
Monte Gurugú, and tunnel through which the miniature train exhibition .
In conclusion and in view of the results we can say that Sevilla was in the South Zone the presence of a park, whose current area of \u200b\u200b38 hectares, resulting from the expansion of the city in that direction, and that despite be designed by a Frenchman, reflects the essence of Andalusian feeling that by itself it is a work of art. Therefore
Park more than ever is the sedative of the rush, the cool shade of the hot summer, an oasis of peace accessible, paradise city covering their leisure time with the enjoyment of nature in the heart of the city, looking lush vegetation, the chirping of birds or feathers of majestic peacocks with their stately walk.
SOURCES - Enrique Pérez Comendador, sculptor and carver 1900-1981, José Díaz Hermandez
- Seville statues and gardens, José María de Mena.
- El Parque de Maria Luisa a garden "work of art" that celebrates the essence of Seville. Cristina Dominguez Peláez .- Revista APAR, No. 19 AUGUST 1986
- EXPOSURE OF SEVILLE 1929 JCN IBEROAMERICA FORESTIER AND GARDEN OF THE EVENT. Cristina Peláez Domínguez. Andalucía and America in the Twentieth Century, Proceedings of the Sixth Conference of Andalusia and Latin
1987 - www.sevillasigloxx.com
- www.sevilla.org
- Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
- SEVILLA neighborhood by neighborhood, collectible ABC "
- EXPOSURE IBERO and gear Cabreza .- José María Méndez. Magazine
SURVEYOR No. 14 - HISTORY OF THE LATIN AMERICAN EXHIBITION OF SEVILLE, 1929, Eduardo Rodríguez Bernal
- THE GARDENS OF SEVILLE. Joaquin Romero Murube.
- Regionalism ARCHITECTURE IN SEVILLE 1900-1935. Alberto Villar Movellán.
- Postcard of "The Work" of the Glorieta de Covadonga, courtesy of Israel Jiménez Pozo
- LIBRARY University of Sevilla
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